Marine Science Mid Term Ch 1-11

Review Guide

____ 1. Phosphorus is essential to life because

____ 2. Scientific process skills include

____ 3. Submersibles and self-contained diving changed the study of the oceans by allowing scientists to

____ 4. Subduction results in the formation of ____.

____ 5. The primary source of deep and bottom water is from

____ 6. If the Earth consistently absorbed more energy from the sun than it radiated to space,

____ 7. A monsoon is

____ 8. You would expect the ocean near a desert to have ____ salinity compared to the average ocean salinity.

____ 9. The lithosphere is

____ 10. The higher the salinity the ____ the density.

____ 11. Without currents, the world’s climates would be

____ 12. Darwin’s hypothesis explains that coral reefs form through a process of coral growth as

____ 13. Examples of instruments or methods used to study currents include

____ 14. Marine resources that are important include

____ 15. After volcanism created Earth's atmosphere, what happened next to lead to the formation of oceans?

____ 16. The most common adaptation for overcoming water resistance is

____ 17. What is a solution?

____ 18. The expedition commonly recognized as the first devoted entirely to marine science is

____ 19. The first expedition around the world was led by ____ in the years ____.

____ 20. The invention of the ____ in 1735 was a major breakthrough for open-ocean navigation.

____ 21. Disturbing forces include

____ 22. Other disciplines that draw on marine science may include

____ 23. The westerlies are found between approximately ____, and blow ____.

____ 24. A parallel is another name for ____. The 0° parallel is called ____.

____ 25. Hydrostatic pressure has a/an ____ effect on marine organisms. This is because the pressure inside their tissues is ____ the surrounding pressure.

____ 26. It benefits you to stay up to date with current trends, findings, and developments in science and technology because

____ 27. Going from the center of the Earth outward, the four major layers in order are

____ 28. Tides are caused by

____ 29. Tsunamis don’t destroy ships in the open sea because

____ 30. Air is about ____ % nitrogen.

____ 31. Wave speed equals

____ 32. Evidence of seafloor spreading includes

____ 33. The ocean is stratified with ____ layers below ____ layers.

____ 34. The primary forces that provide energy for surface currents include

____ 35. What is salinity?

____ 36. The thermocline is the boundary between layers of water with differing

____ 37. A ____ is an underwater mountain range with a ____ running through the center of it.

____ 38. During ____ tides the sun and moon align relative to Earth. During ____ tides, they are at right angles to Earth.

____ 39. Marine science is

____ 40. The ocean conveyor belt is important because

____ 41. The theory of continental drift says that

____ 42. The Coriolis effect is caused by

____ 43. Loran-C and GPS have benefited seafaring and oceanography by

____ 44. Types of submersible that have been used for underwater research include

____ 45. Currents tend to flow around the periphery of an ocean basin because

____ 46. Silicon is important to some marine organisms

____ 47. Which statement about lines of longitude is true?

____ 48. According to the theory of plate tectonics, at a convergent boundary

____ 49. Evidence Wegener used to support the theory of continental drift included

____ 50. The youngest part of the ocean floor is found ____.

____ 51. According to the hot spot theory, a hot spot

____ 52. It benefits you to understand the marine environment because it allows you to

____ 53. Thermohaline circulation is water movement caused by

____ 54. A standing wave is

____ 55. The existence of coal beds in Antarctica indicates that the continent once had ____.

____ 56. Factors that affect maximum wave size include

____ 57. ____ is the distance between the identical spot on two waves.

____ 58. According to the rock cycle, ____ rocks form when accumulated organic and inorganic particles are compressed and cemented together.

____ 59. A theory is

____ 60. Heat capacity is

____ 61. The accomplishment for which we recognize the German Meteor expedition for was

____ 62. A single high and low tide daily is called a ____ tide. Two unequal high and low tides daily is called a ____ tide.

____ 63. Buoyancy affects marine organisms by

____ 64. The sun heats the Earth unevenly because

____ 65. Organisms use nitrogen

____ 66. Tsunamis are caused by

____ 67. According to the theory of plate tectonics, at a divergent boundary

____ 68. The Coriolis effect tends to influence the wind by giving it a(n) ____.

____ 69. Columbus’ purpose for his expedition was

____ 70. Carbon is fundamental to all life because

____ 71. The ____ zone is the area of the ocean that sunlight never reaches.

____ 72. The heat capacity of water

____ 73. Drifting with water movement may

____ 74. Rocks are formed when magma ____.

____ 75. Discoveries and accomplishments by the H.M.S. Challenger include

____ 76. Effects on the ocean from human interaction include

____ 77. Besides lunar and solar gravity, influences on the tides include

____ 78. About ____% of the sunlight that reaches the atmosphere makes it to the Earth’s surface.

____ 79. The oceans are important to life on Earth because they influence

____ 80. The latitude and longitude mapping system is to

____ 81. pH changes with depth because

____ 82. Reporting the results of your work is crucial in science because

____ 83. Restoring forces include

____ 84. The advantage of being an endotherm is

____ 85. The basic steps of the scientific method does not include

____ 86. What is the constant movement of water between the atmosphere and Earth’s surface?

____ 87. The heat that is lost without a change in temperature when water freezes is called

____ 88. According to the theory of plate tectonics, over the next millions of years

____ 89. Science and technology have affected humans and other organisms

____ 90. Aside from hydrogen and oxygen, the most abundant chemical in seawater is

____ 91. Most marine scientists believe that

____ 92. According to the theory of seafloor spreading, new seafloor ____ due to ____.

____ 93. Sound travels through water ____ in air.

____ 94. An ____ is an organism with an internal temperature the same as or close to the surrounding seawater’s temperature.

____ 95. Continental-continental plate collisions produce ____.

____ 96. One primary force that scientists think causes plates to move is

____ 97. Water becomes ____ as it freezes. This is ____ most substances.

____ 98. It is ____ that has made true exploration of the oceans possible.

____ 99. ____ can result when an air mass rapidly cools, causing water vapor to condense.

____ 100. A hypothesis is

____ 101. As a result of his observations during the H.M.S. Beagle expedition, Darwin proposed

____ 102. There are ____ gyres found in ____.

____ 103. A meridian is another name for ____. The 0° meridian runs through ____.

____ 104. If Wegener could have explained ____, his theory of continental drift might have been more widely accepted in his day.

____ 105. Convection is caused by

____ 106. When isostatic equilibrium becomes disrupted, landmasses will restore the balance by

____ 107. ____ technology has expanded underwater research by bridging the gap between submersible and scuba capabilities.

____ 108. Cyclones form where

____ 109. Storm surges are caused by

____ 110. The heat required to vaporize a substance is called

____ 111. Deep waves occur when the depth is ____. Shallow waves occur when the depth is ____.

Matching

____ 112. Basic cause of tides

____ 113. Collapsing waves

____ 114. Move slowly in deep ocean waters

____ 115. Vertical movement of nutrient-rich ocean water

____ 116. The vertical distance between a wave's crest and trough

____ 117. Closed, circular current systems

____ 118. The difference between the levels of high and low tide

____ 119. Occurs during a first-quarter and third-quarter moon

____ 120. Determines the speed with which waves move through deep water